Bake oven



Sept". 6, 1927. 1,641,313

S. G. BONAPARTE BAKE OVEN Filed Feb. 27. 1922 4 Sheets-Sheetl l Sept. 6,1927.

1,641,313 s. G. Bor-.APA.RTE

BAKE OVEN Filed Feb. 27. 1922 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Sept. 6,1927. 1,641,313

' s. G. BONAPARTE BAKE OVEN Filed Feb. 27. 1922 4 Sheets-sheet :5

wf n s( [s 1,641,313 Sept' 6' 1927 s. G. BONAPARTE BAKE OVEN Filed Feb. 27, 1922 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Sept. 'Y 6, 1927.

yUNI-TED -sTArEs SWAN G. BONAIPARTE,v F ST. IPA'UL, MINNESOTA.

BAKE OVEN.

Application led lFebruary 27, 1922. Serial No. 539,620.

invention relates to baking machinery and has for its object to provide a machine of the continuous type having an endless carrier on which articles to be baked are carried, said carrier being' positioned within and passing through a single open chamber.

Another object is to provide means yfor heating the said bakin machinery including means for distributing the heat to ,any

m'desired point required within said open chamber.

Another object is to form the carrier with means for alternately opening the same so that the heat may pass directly through a .l5 portion of the same.

Another object is to providemeans for quickly and effectively adjusting the opening of the carrier.

Another object is to provide a plurality of heating devices. within the oven havin j associated therewith a number of vertica flues a d a plurality of inter-connecting horizontal Hues with-means for directing the heated gases from said vertical lines through any of said horizontal flues.

The full objects and advantages of my invention will appear in connection with the detailed description thereof and are particularly pointed out in the claims. In the drawings illustrating the applicat1on of my invention in one form Fig.'y 1 is a longitudinal sectional view taken on line 1-1 of Figure 2.

Fig. 2 is a plan sectional View taken on line 2 2 of Figure 1.

Fig. 3 is a plan sectional View taken on line 3 3 of Flgure 1.

l Fig. 4 is a cross sectional View of the devicegtaken substantially on line 4-4 of Figure Fig. 5 is a fragmentary view of a portion lof the machine-.fshow in'Figure 1 kwith.

'the parts in rela-tively altered positions.

Fig. 6 is ,enlarged detail view showing the matter of supporting thelcarrier ofthe invention.

Fig. 7 is a cross sectional View of one of the plate members forming the carrier proper.

In Figure 1, I have shown my invention as applied to an oven indicated in its entinety at A which may be `constructed of brick or anyA other suitable material, and vvis formed with end walls 10 and 11, side -walls 12 and 13, a ceiling 14, and al floor 15. The exact construction ofl this portion of the invention may be made to conform with the well-known principles of structural designy and need not be described in this application. The entire interior of the oven A indicated at B forms one large open chamber in which the entire mechanism comprising my invention is positioned through which the articles to be'v baked are continually passed.

The invention consistsprimarily of a continuous carrier C' which is formed with an upper run D, and a lowerl run E spaced from one another as best shown in Figure 1, which runs extend in end wall 10. This carrier comprises a number of plates 20 hingedly connected together and supported thereon which plates serve to carry the articles to ,bel baked and to convey the same from without the device on one slde through the open chamber B of oven A and discharge the same at the other end of the device.

-The means for heating the chamber B consists of a number of furnaces-21 and 22 which are arranged in two rows in staggered relation to oneanother upon the floor 1 15 as clearly shown in Figure 3. These furnaces may be of usual construction and are formed with fire doors 23 which extend through the side walls 12 and 13 of oven A so that the said furnaces may be fired from without the machine. These furnaces may be constructed to burn Wood, coal, coke, or any other suitable fuel, in the ordinary manner. Each of the furnaces 21 and 22 is provided with two sets of smoke fiues 25 and 26 which extends substantially horizontal and connect with vertical flues 27 and 28 formed in the walls 12 and 13 respectively I provide as many vertical flues -28 as there are furnaces so that the same may be'connected with the furnaces by means of a flue 26 of one furnace and a flue 25 of another furnace.

For regulating the heating effect of the smoke lines 25 and 26 the oven is provided with conical shaped valves 34 which are mounted on valve stems 35 extending through the walls 12 and 13, which valves are operable from the exterior. Whenthe `valves34 are drawn outwardly as shown in Figure 3 the flue gas from the furnaces may flow through the respective flues 25 and 26 and into the corresponding flues 27 and 28. Wlien, however, said valves are forced inwardly the conical construction of the same cause the said valves to completely close the openings of the flues and 26 into the fines 27 and 28' so that the passage of heated gases into the Said flues is .obstructed. By this means it can clearly be seen that the heat and gases of each furnace may be forced to travel to either side of the oven or when a furnace is ,completely out of commission the iues connected therewith may be completely 'cut off from flues 27 and 28 andthe same closed so thatthe said furnace is entirely shut olf and the draft for the other furnaces notk affected. In this manner the heatlof each of the furnaces is distributed to both sides of the device so that a more uniform heating effect can'be produced. All of the vertical .lines 27 and 28 extend upwardly through the walls 12 and 13 vand terminate and connect with two horizontally positioned iues 29 and 30 extending along the .entire length of the said walls near the upper portions thereof.

- Flue 29 leads to a chimney 31 positioned at one end of the oven A and Vflue 30 leads into the chimney 32 positioned 'at the other end of the same. In this manner the flue gases formed by the combustion within the furnaces 21 and 22 may be directed into the two chimneys 31 and 32.

In addition` to. the foregoing flues `for heating the chamber B, I provide additional cross ues 33 interconnecting the vertical lues y27fand 28 with the horizontal ilues 29 and 30 which are positioned between the two runs D and E of the carrier C. 'These filles are provided to heat the underside of the upper run D of the carrier so that the l articles to be baked are uniformly heated in a shape of 'a triangular prism being of from below as well as from above. An inspection of Figures land 2 will clearly bring out the arrangement of the said flues. As will be noted in Figure 2 one flue'isl provided at 33 foreach of the vertical flues 27 and 38. These'flues extend horizontally across the oven and connect with shorter vertical iues 34 and 35 which lead upwardly and also connect into the Horizontal lues 29 and 30. The connection ofthe said flues 33 Withthe fines 27 and 28 is made of rectangular cross section which is of a width. exactly equal to the width of the Said flueS 27 and 28. In actual construction the said vertical flues 27 and 28 are preferablyk reduced in width immediately after the entry of the two lues 25 and 26 into the same so that said i'lues are substantially rectangular as shown in Figure 2. For directing the passage of the flue gases through these flues I provide valves 36 similar to the valves 34 previously mentioned, which valves are;

- rectangular formation as viewed fromL the top. These valves .are adapte Tto slide into the openings of the lues 33 so t at vWhen the valves are forced .completely inward com munication to the said flue is completelycut off. These valves furthermore are of such a size 'that when the same are drawn outwardly an inclined lower surface is exposed within the ues 27 and 28 and all connection above said valve Ais cut olf by means thereof. When the valve is in this direction the gas rising throughthe vertical flue 33 and into the fines 34 and from there to the horizontal ilues 29 and30 and into the chim- Iley 31- and`32. It can readily be comprehended-by this construction that-the heat from all of the flues 27 and 28 maybe directed through the iiues 22 nv Hw said fines may be cut out and the heated gases allowed to travel upwardly beyond the same.

For heating thev upper portion ofthe chamber B or the oven A I provide asecond' A set of transversely positioned interconnecting cross fines 37 which are positioned im! mediately below the ceiling 14 of oven A and which run parallel to fines '33 and which connect the vertical fines 27 and l28 with the other flues 34 and 35 in a manner identical with fines 33. Additional valves 36 are also provided which serve to cause the heated gases to pass through the said lues or whichpermit the ygases from the flues 27 and 28 to irectly enter the horizontal iiues 29 and 30. By proper manipulation of valves 36 it can readily be seen that'the heat may be caused to How through either of the sets of finesv 33 vor 37 and through any of the said flues at any location' within the oven. In this manner the heat 'could be directed as rel; quired and the amount of heat regulated at will so that the oven can be kept at any temperature in any location Wit-hin the same and the degree of heat at any location can be carried at will.l

For 'removing' the steam and vapors which accumulate within the chamber B during the process of baking and for quickly reducing the temperature I provide two longitudinally positioned horizontal passageways 38 and 39 which are formed at the upper portion of cei1igv14I of the oven A. These lues and steamfrom chamber B (can be directed to any location within the oven.

.Aficient to remove the steam and vapors as rapidly as re uired a' blower may' be installed to expe ite'the removal of the same.

Such a) device, however, is well'known inv the art and need not be shown in the drawings.

When the' draft produced bythe chimney 43 is not suf- The construction of conveyerC can best i be comprehendedfrom Figures l and 4. At each end 4ofthe oven A ispositioned a pair of cast brackets 46 which are rigidly. attached to the wall ofthe same and project outwardly therefrom. These brackets are formed with the horizontal guide-ways 47vv extending longitudinally of the same and the loven proper. Slidably mounted upon the guid-e-ways 47 are a pair of bearings 48 in which is journalled a transversely positioned shaft 49. Shaft 49 carries two sheaves 50 which support the conveyer C as .will be presently described.

For adjusting the tension of the belt com- I prislngmy` conveyor I slide t-he bearings 48 along the guides 47 thus .bodily moving shaft 49 and sheaves 50 mounted thereon towards o r away. from the oven 'proper. The device for accomplishing this result comprises a I Opair'of chains 51 which are secured to the said bearings 48 andlwhich pass over idlers ,52 journalled at they extreme end of the brackets 46. vThese chains are rigidly attached Vto a pair of small drums 53.rigid ly secured to ay transverse shaft 54 which. is journalled in bearings secured to the brack-y et 46 which are not shown in detail in the drawings. When this shaft is-rotated both of the chains 51 are simultaneously tightened andthe two sheaves advanced `along the guides 47 in propel" relation. .For rotating shaft 54 I attach thereto-a rat het wheel 55 which is held from movemenj by a pawl 56 pivoted to the said bracket 46 and which maybe operated by means of a handle 57 journalled on said shaft '54 which handle is.provided with a pawl 58 pivoted rthereto and adapted to engage the ratchet wheel 55. It can readily be seen with this structure both of the sheaves 50 can be simultaneously advanced towards or away from the oven proper..

The construction of the belt proper compri sing the conveyer can best be. seen in Figures 1,4,` and 6. The same is built upon al number of transverse shafts 57 s which extend substantially across the entire chamber yB of .oven A. These shafts are pivotally connectedy together by links 58 clearly shown in Figure 1, which .links forxthe same intol av continuous belt or chain. Upon `the central portion of each of the shafts 57 is journalled a flat plate 59 which plate is formed with dependingl lugs 60 by means of which the said plate may be rigidly attached to shaft 57 in any suitable manner so that the same rotates said shaft. Between the links 59 and lug 60 is mounted a roler 61 which rides free upon the shaft 57. At the eX- treme end ofthe said shaft is Arigidly secured thereto a depending arm 62 which .is

securely fastened on` the end of said shaft.y

This arm has secured to its lower end a stub shaft63 which shaft has attached to it a number of links 64 identical with links 58. In addition to thisa roller 65 is freely journalled on the end of the shaft 63 similar to roller'l and is held in place thereon by a Cotter-pin 66 which may be formed. integral with said shaft is desired or which may be attached thereto as required. The construction of this carrier clearly discloses two substantially independent chains which are formed with rollers and interconnecting said arms; one of said chains having mounted thereon the plates on which the articles to be baked may be placed.

Sheaves 50 are formed with sockets 67 positioned along'the periphery of the same, which sockets are adapted to engage the rollers 61 .of carrier C to rotatably carry the same about the axes of the said shaft 49 as the sheaves are rotated. In addition to this the runs D'and E of carrier C are supported i intermediate of the said shea-ves by means best shown in Figures 1, 4, and 6. As seen tire structure and which are positioned N .slightly below the saidv runs D and E as clearly indicated. Upon each of the said T ironsinwa'rdly from the point of attachment to the wall of the same is positioned an upright standard 77 which supports a number of longitudinally positioned angle irons or rails 78 and 79 which serve as tracks upon which the rollers 61 are adapted to travel. By this means both of the runs D and E of conveyor C are held in horizontal position throughout their entire length between the supporting sheaves 50 at the ends of the oven. In conjunction with the rails 78 cI provide similar angle iron rails 80 which are one another as clearly shown in Figure 1.'

At the `extreme outwardly projecting end of the rails 80.' the same are formed with a I downwardly curved portion 81 which serves to .engage rollers 65 after the conveyer passes IUO over sheave 50 and which serve to hold plates Y 59 `in relatively horizont-al position.

The track for rollers 65 in the lower run E of conveyer-C consists of two angle irons 82 which are supported @only at theV endsy thereof and which permit of sufiicient rigid- 'ity to hold all of the rollers throughout their entire length in ,proper relative position. These-5rails 82 are formed at theirA extreme ends with loops or U-shaped portions 834 within which are rotatably mount-ed eccentrics 84 which are rigidly secured to transversely positioned shafts 85." 'The shafts 85 are journalledy in bearings 86 formedon the This has the effect 'ofi tilting the plates .59,

so that a series of openings are formed through the lower-run of thedxelt E by means of which the heated air below the run of the conveyer may pass directly through the same and aid in heating the underside of the upper run D on which'the articles to be baked are positioned.- -By 'turning eccent-rics 84'to lower the rails 82 thearms 62 may assume a: perfectly vertical position-parallel with the arms in the upperv run lwhich'position is shown in Figure 5.'v ilfnfffn'laking`either adjustment it becomes necessary to first slacken up the entire conveyer by manipulating the lever 57 which controls the vbelt tightening ydevice previously described. I

The means for operating shafts 85, for adjusting the said plates 59 lconsists of a handle 87 whlch is'rigidly attached tothe end of each of said shafts 87 which is rigidly attached t6 the end of each of said shafts 85. A boss 88 formed on the top of bearing 86 has a set screw 89 screwed into the same by means of which the said shaft may be rigidly held from movement so that when the position of rails 82 has been properly secured the same may be held by means thereof. In this manner the position of the plates 59 may be adjusted at will and the said plates caused to travel continuously in their adjusted position.

In Figure 7'I have shown amodified form of one of the plates '59.4 In this device ai sheet iron base 90 is employed which is formed with upturned flanges 91 extending along the edges of thesame. -Upon the said lplate and .between thesey flanges are positioned thin yfire-brick 92 which forma heat resisting covering` for the said plates. A

pair of castings 93 riveted to the lower surface of base 90 Jtakes lthe place of the lugs 60 and serves to attach the entire structure to the shaft'fv It can readilybe comprehended with this 'device that a surface is provided ,upon the conveyor proper which is fully heat resisting and which may be readily repaired as the sections of the same become broken or burn out. v

This oven may be used for baking bread, 'hlard tack, pastry orkany other similar arti- 'c e.

59 either by hand or by automatic means not disclosed in-this' invention. The same 1,641,313 'y Q y l In use the articles to be baked areA placed in suitable pans upon the flat plates upper run of conveyerlC which ma be driven in a suitable manner by means o the sheaves 50. As the same passes through the chamber B the heating means withinv the same causes the articles tobe baked so that' when the articles leave the oven in the farther end the same are baked and may be removed from the said conveyer in any desirable manner. The principle 'advantage of the invention resides in the `ability to heat ,e the upp the artlcles are being baked with equal ease from both below and above. Heretofore it thas beendiiicult to secure sutlicientheat below the v/upper run as well'as above the same, 4.and for regulating and maintaining the required temperature at any required position along the entire conveyer. By forming passage-ways through .the lower run D of conveyer C the hea-t accumulated around the furnaces 21 and 22 and produced by the flues 25 and 26 may be convected to the undersideof plates 59 where the said heat ma be utitioned thereon. It .can readilybe seen that with my invention ordinary fuel may be used such/ as wood coal, or coke, and that by means ofthe va ves as described the heat may be directed wherever required so as to produce the desired baking results thereby reatly reducing the cost of operation of the evice.

In accordance with the patent statutes I have described the principles of operation of my invention, together with the apparatus which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof, but I desire to have it understood that the construction shown is only illustrative and that the invention can be carried out by other means and applied to uses other than those above sent forth within the scope of the following claims.

I claim:

1. A bake oven comprising a casing, a continuous carrier within the same having an upper and lower run, means positioned above said casing for heating the upper portion of the carrier, hea-ting means positioned below said carrier, means for conducting heat therefrom through said lower run for heating the undersideof said upper run and means for regulating the amount of heat conducted to saidcarrier from below.

2. A bake oven comprising a casing, a continuous carrier within the same having an upper and a lower run formed of separable vmembers, heating means positioned above said upper run, heatin means ositioned below said lower run an means or separating y said separable members to conduct heat through said lower run. l

3. A bake oven comprising a casing, a continuous carrier within the casing formed of a series of separable members, heating means within the casing and means for sepaer run D of the conveyer on which Same.

or closing certain of said members to rating the flow of heated air through the control 4. A bake oven comprising a casing, a continuous carrier within said casin a normally closed belt-like portion forme on said carrier and means for closing' or opening said belt-like portion to permit the passage of heat therethrough in portions thereof.

5. A bake oven comprising a casing, a continuous carrier within said casing, a' series `-of members supported on said carrier adapted in conjunction to form a continuous surface on said carrier and means for moving said members throughout a portion of the carrier to close the same orto form openings through said carrier for the passage o heat throughthe same.

I'6. A bake oven comprising a casing, a

vvcontinuous carrier within the same having an upper and lower run, a series of members supported on said carrier adapted in conunctlon to form a continuous surface on said carrier throughout the upper run and means associated -with the lower run of said carrier for moving said members to form openings through said lower run whereby heat may be passed throughthe same.

j 7. A bake oven comprlsing a casing, a continuous carrier positioned within the same having an upper and lower run, a

I continuous fiat supporting member formed on said upper run', heating means positioned above said upper run, heating means positioned between said upper and lower run, heating means positioned below saidflower run, and means for convecting said heat from said lowermost heat means through said 'lower run and to the underside of said continuous flat member.

8. A bake oven comprising an endless belt formed of a pair of chains having a plurality of links, shafts extending across between said chains and serving as pivots for said links, plate likeA members secured to said shafts, rollers mounted upon said shafts, depending arms secured to said shafts, a stud shaft secured to the'lowermost portion of eachof said arms, links pivoted to said 4stud shaft, a roller mounted upon sai'd stud shaft and a fixed guideway for guidingsaid first set `of rollers and an adjustable guideway for guiding said second set of rollers.

9. Aicontinuous carrier comprising a pluplates, links pivotally connected to said plates, arms connected to said plates in jfixed relation thereto, a plurality of links connected to said arms, means for independently guiding said plates and arms rfor causing said plates to travel in fixed relation to one another, and means for adjusting said last named means so that the relative position of said plates may be varied at will.

10. A bake oven comprising a casing having a series ofvertical flues positioned on opposite wallsfof the same, a number of vindependent heating units positioned adjacent said fiues, horizontal flue members connecting each of said heaters with the vertical fiues adjacent the same on opposite walls of said casing, a continuous belt positioned above said fiues extending through said casing and additional horizonrality of tal iues positioned above saidbelt connected rollers attached to said plateswarms arms to incline rel- 12. A bake oven comprising a casing having al series of vertical tlues positioned on opposite walls of the same, a number of independent` heating units said lues, horizontal flue members connecting each of said heaters with the vertical iiues adjacent the same on opposite wal-ls of said casing. a continuous belt positioned above'said ues and extendin throu h said and a plurality of ad'tiona horizonta /ues arranged diagonally across said casing and connected with said vertical lines on the two sides of said casing.

13. A bake oven comprismg a casing, a continuous belt passing through said casmg a. plurality of oppositeljy positioned-vertica `lues formed on the wa horizontal lilies` connected with staggered vertical ues on o posite sides of `the casing. testimony w ereo I ax my o SWAN G. BON

positioned adj acent' 

